ABSTRACT
FFLP, FFLs = Flow force (N) kP, ks = Spring constant (N/mm) Knn= Bulk modulus of oil (MPa) mP, ms = Mass of poppet and spool (kg) Pn,P" =Discharge and pilot pressure (MPa) Pl'r{ = Pilot drain pressure (MPa) TF.TM =Fan and motor torque (N·mm) t = Time (s) Xp,Xs =Displacement of poppet and spool(mm) Xpo,Xso=Initial deflection of spring (mm)
