ABSTRACT
Both sanitation and solid waste management in developing countries have received noteworthy attention through the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and the debate on their follow-up after 2015. Significant improvements in providing these services need to be made if the MDG targets are to be met in African countries. Since the introduction of economic liberalisation policies in the early and late 1990s, sanitation and solid waste management systems have undergone significant reforms in many African countries. Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania have embraced these reforms with a considerable shift from a public sector driven service to diversification of provisioning schemes and involvement of key actors. Hence, from the 1990s onwards, a variety of public schemes, private schemes and public-private mixes can be witnessed in sanitation and solid waste management in East African cities.
