If survival and the sustainable development of a society or economy in this century depend very much on its capability and potential of acquiring new markets and natural resources, then luring suffi cient numbers of high-quality professionals and talents should clearly be a top priority. Since nearly all countries are in dire need of expertise and professional people in all categories, most must enact strong initiatives either to invest in local education or to attract talented outsiders to beef up the available human resources. In Hong Kong, the number of well-educated professionals from the Chinese mainland has increased dramatically in recent years, and become a subject of intense interest. That infl ux and the changes wrought formed the key impetus behind this chapter.