ABSTRACT
The world is changing fast, the forces shaping global economic power and innovation are in transition: it is no longer certain who is growing, who is wealthy, and who is consuming. Turok's paper (Chapter 13) in the last section underscored the fact that the system of cities is constantly in transition, impacting directly on the shifting fortunes of particular cities. For instance, many Chinese cities are booming, its economy predicted to overtake the USA as the largest in the world by 2050; India and Brazil are thriving, merging intense social inequality with expanding middle classes, and expanding economies, as well as innovations in welfare and social support. Some of the highest rates of economic growth are in Africa, and the benefits of this new wealth are most evident in the booming elite quarters of the big cities.
