The WTC tragedy and the US attack on Afghanistan: the press joins in beating the war drums T JA HJO PURNOMO W I JA D I : The press joins in beating the war drums

doi:10.4324/9780203392508-12

Chapter

The WTC tragedy and the US attack on Afghanistan: the press joins in beating the war drums T JA HJO PURNOMO W I JA D I

ABSTRACT

Media realities of the September 11 tragedy and the US military attack on Afghanistan are not identical in empirical realities because they involve issues of being factual (accuracy and completeness of facts), being impartial (balance of sources), and frames (exposure and concealment of facts). Media realities easily become subjective realities of those parties in a position of making war unless the media intentionally choose the orientation of peace journalism.