ABSTRACT
Throughout the history of architecture, built forms have tended to reflect the technologies and processes that have been within the designer’s reach. Today we are on the threshold of a new era where liberation from linear processes by technology is enabling us to devise and construct complex architectural forms efficiently. Buildings no longer have to reflect the planar, orthogonal and repetitive processes of the traditional assembly line but can respond to and express the non-linear forces of nature. Such an approach will be critical if we are to design more environmentally aware buildings—the key to sustainable development. Progress within the new field of biomimetics—the abstraction of good design solutions from nature—is beginning to provide insight into how natural models can provide design solutions that are cost-effective and energy-efficient yet aesthetically elegant. 4.3 Sea Urch in David Kirkland https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9780203402429/2509f145-3d43-466f-9cc5-17df1967255b/content/fig4_3_C.jpg" xmlns:xlink="https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"/>
