ABSTRACT

Transparency International has now posted the -index on perceived corruption for the last eight years.1 At the outset, few observations were available, but more than a hundred countries are now covered. The -index is compiled from a total of 17 primary indices to give an aggregate measure of the highest reliability available, which allows researchers to study the cross-country levels of corruption. The result is a new empirical literature on (a) the sources of corruption, and (b) the consequences of corruption; the literature is surveyed in Lambsdorff (1998) and Jain (2001).