ABSTRACT
The nature of management and managers and of leaders and leadership is highly problematic: there is no agreed view on what managers or leaders should do and what they need to do it. And there never can be, since such definitions arise not from organizational or technical requirements (which are themselves the product of managers’ theories of organization), but from the shifting ways in which over time these functions are variously conceptualized. The manager, as much as the worker, is a product of history.
