ABSTRACT
President Woodrow Wilson left office in March 1921, a crippled, embittered man. His years in the White House had dramatically and permanently changed the relationship of the United States to the rest of the world. The actions of his administration, his motives, and the consequences of the changes he produced were a source of controversy from 1913 to 1921. Controversy has been a key element of the historical scholarship concerning his era ever since.
