ABSTRACT
Persistent pain and swelling in the anterior part of the upper ankle are encountered very frequently in football. Because of an often long case history and especially because of their lack of response to various conservative treatments, these symptoms frequently represent a chronic problem and prove disconcerting both to the sportsmen themselves and to the therapists, in regard to the restoration of full sporting fitness and performance. Many different causes can be responsible for triggering and sustaining these complaints. Consequently, the case history and the previous therapies may also differ very considerably.
