INTRODUCTION

For a hundred years, economists, other scholars, and government officials understood, or thought they did, the electric power industry. Electric power, based on a single, large service provider, connected by wires to all of its customers, was thought to be an industry that could only operate efficiently as a monopoly; indeed it was something called a “natural monopoly.” Since it had to be a monopoly, with all the attendant inefficiencies and potential market abuses monopoly entails, there was no question about the propriety of government regulation (Lowry, 1973).