ABSTRACT
An organization established in 1957 to promote creative and technical progress in the sound recording field. The first chapter office was opened in Los Angeles in 1957, followed by 11 more offices, including New York (1958), Chicago (1961), Nashville (1964), Atlanta (1969), Memphis (1972), San Francisco (1974), Austin (1998), Philadelphia (1999), Florida (2000), and Washington, D.C. (2000). The membership consists of performers, producers, engineers, and others engaged in the industry; as of 2002, there were over 20,000 members. A Producers and Engineers Wing was also established in early 2000 as a means of representing members in special areas of the recording profession; other wings are planned. From 1958 NARAS has presented the annual Grammy awards for outstanding recordings. The NARAS Hall of Fame was established to honor records issued before the Grammys began. NARAS has also established several charitable and advocacy organizations, including MusiCares Foundation,established in 1989 to provide health care and other services to musicians; the Grammy Foundation, supporting education in music; and the National Coalition for Music Education. In 1997, NARAS founded the Latin Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences (the Latin Recording Academy, with offices in Miami and Santa Monica, California, as its first international membership organization, representing Spanishspeaking artists. The First Latin Grammy awards were held in September 2000. [website: https://www.grammy.com./]
REVISED BY CARL BENSON
The National Anthropological Archives, part of the Department of Anthropology, in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, collects and preserves historical and contemporary anthropological materials that document the world’s cultures and the history of the discipline. Its collections represent the four fields of anthropology: ethnology, linguistics, archaeology, and physical anthropology. Materials include manuscripts, field notes, correspondence, photographs, maps, sound recordings, and film and video created by Smithsonian anthropologists and other preeminent scholars. The collections document the Smithsonian’s earliest attempts to record North American
Indian cultures, which began in 1846 under Joseph Henry, and they include the research reports and records of the Bureau of American Ethnology (1879-1964), the U.S. National Museum’s Division of Ethnology, its Division of Physical Anthropology, and River Basin Survey archaeology. The NAA also maintains the records of the Smithsonian’s Department of Anthropology and of dozens of professional organizations, such as the American Anthropological Association, the American Ethnological Society, and the Society for American Archaeology. Among the earliest ethnographic collections are the diaries of John Wesley Powell, which recount his exploration of Colorado and study of the region’s Indians, and the pictographic histories of Plains Indians collected by U.S. military officers and BAE ethnographers. Other significant manuscript collections include the ethnographic and linguistic research of Franz Boas, Frances Densmore, Albert S. Gatschet, John Peabody Harrington, and J.N.B. Hewitt, as well as the expedition logs, photographs, and film record produced on Matthew Stirling’s explorations in New Guinea (1926-1929). The NAA’s holdings include nearly 400,000 ethnological and archaeological photographs, including some of the earliest images of indigenous people worldwide, and 20,000 works of Indian art (North American, Asian, and Oceanic). Thearchives’s audio collections have 1,200 aluminum discs recorded by J.P. Harrington during his extensivework in California, the Northwest Coast, and Alaska. With the recent addition of the Human Studies Film Archives, NAA added more than 8 million feet oforiginal filmand video materials to its collections. TheSmithsonian’s broad collection policy and supportofanthropological research for over 150 years have made the NAA an unparalleled resource for scholars interested in the cultures of Latin America, Oceania, Africa, and Asia. [website: https://www.nmnh.si.edu/naa/]
MARTIN J. MANNING
Formed in 1922, initially to work for rational rules related to spectrum allocation for U.S. radio broadcasting, the NAB was crucial in bringing about the Radio Act of 1927. This created legislation for station licensing and frequency allotment, while avoiding government control of station’s business operations and programming. A second major concern of the organization’s founders focused on demands made by the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP) that broadcasters license and pay for all music played over the air. In working out relations with ASCAP, and later with other licensing organizations, the NAB became the chief business representative as well as the governmental lobby representing the broadcasting industry. With headquarters in Washington, D.C., the NAB is one of the most active lobbies in the U.S. It represents more than 900 television stations and almost 5,000 radio stations, as well as 7,500 members from the radio and television industry. It monitors FCC activities and legislation, as well as economic, legal, social, and technical trends that might affect the industry, and holds yearly conferences and conventions that deal with the radio and
television business and technology, including aspects related to recording. [website: https://www.nab.org./]
A U.S. trade organization established in 1907 (originally the Talking Machine Jobbers National Association; new name first cited in TMW of 15 June 1908). W.D. Andrews was the first vice president. The officers in 1908-1909 were James Bowers, president; W.D. Andrews, vice president; Louis Buehn, treasurer; and Perry B. Whitsit, secretary. New officers elected at the third convention of the association, July 1909, were Whitsit, president; J. Newcomb Blackman, vice president; Buehn, treasurer; and Joseph C. Roush, secretary. The fourth convention was held in Atlantic City, New Jersey, in July 1910, with all the officers reelected. A new president, Lawrence McGreal, was elected at the fifth convention, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in July 1911; E.F. Taft became vice president; Roush, treasurer, and William F. Miller, treasurer. At the sixth convention, Atlantic City, July 1912, Blackman was elected president; George E. Mickel, vice president; Buehn, secretary; John B. Miller, treasurer. Roush was the new president in July 1913, elected at the seventh convention in Niagara Falls, New York. Mickel became vice president; W.H. Reynalds [sic], treasurer; Whitsit, secretary. In July 1914, at the eighth convention in Atlantic City, Mickel was president, E. F. Taft, vice president; E. C. Rauth, secretary; and W. H. Reynalds, treasurer. Andrew G. McCarthy was the new president in 1915, elected at the ninth convention, in San Francisco. H.F. Miller was vice president; Reynalds, treasurer; Rauth, secretary. At the 10th convention, in July 1916 in Atlantic City, Rauth was president, H. A. Winkelman, vice president; L.C. Wiswell, secretary; and Reynalds, treasurer. The 11th convention was in Atlantic City in July 1917. Blackman became president; I Son Cohen [sic], vice president; Arthur A. Trostler, treasurer; and Roush, secretary. There was no convention in 1918, but the executive committee met in Philadelphia. The TMW story of the 12th convention, Atlantic City, 1919, refers to the group for the first time as “Victor jobbers.” Mickel was elected president; Thomas H. Green, vice president; Trostler, secretary; and Reynalds, treasurer. At the 14th convention, Atlantic City, 1920, Wiswell became president; Buehn, vice president; Trostler, secretary; and Reynalds, treasurer. The organization met in Colorado Springs, Colorado, in July 1921, for its 15th convention; Buehn was elected president; Trostler, vice president; Charles K. Bennett, secretary; and George A. Mairs, treasurer. At the 16th convention, Atlantic City, June 1922, Trostler was elected president; Thomas Green, vice president; W.F. Davidson, secretary; and Mairs, treasurer. The executive committee met in July 1922 and voted to dissolve the association.
