ABSTRACT
Keynes belonged to the twentieth-century tradition of science. He was against determinism and the view of knowledge as based upon certainty and logical time. He believed that nineteenth-century positivist attempts to cast economics as a physical science were doomed to failure. And against the view that the methods of the physical sciences could be universally applied, he argued that there is no ready-made scientific procedure to be learned and applied everywhere. Instead, he maintained that economists must shape their methods to the specific characteristics of the economic problem and material they are tackling.
