Biological effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on marine organisms are dependent upon their bioavailability and persistence, the ability of the organism to

accumulate and metabolize various hydrocarbons, and the interference of hydrocarbons with normal metabolic pathways that alter an organism’s chances for survival and reproduction in the environment. In considering the long-term effects of offshore oil and gas development activities, it is important to ascertain what biological effects may result in subtle ecological changes and possible impairment of fisheries resources.