ABSTRACT
Freedom of expression and freedom of the media have always been caught between political and legal pressures and structural problems. Even it is described as a ‘no-man’s land’ located somewhere between south-eastern Europe and the Middle East’ (Christensen 2007: 180) or treated as idiosyncratic by the experiences inside and outside the Turkey (as cited in Christensen 2011: 182), the media structure of Turkey is similar more to that of the Mediterranean or Polarized Pluralist Model of Hallin and Mancini even though it is not a part of their research. As in many other Mediterranean countries, the media in Turkey developed as a political institution more than a market, and it has been used by various actors as tools to intervene in the political area (Hallin and Mancini 2004: 90–113).
