ABSTRACT
The works of Jean Cartelier and Carlo Benetti systematized the analytical opposition between on the one hand theories of value (West) and on the other hand monetary approaches (East). A common list of goods or a common unit of account essentially constitutes two alternative basic ways to conceive the social objectivity grounding economic valuations. But their research also distinguished two basic kinds of economic societies: on one side pure market economies, made of homogeneous agents (North); and on the other side capitalist economies, made of heterogeneous individuals (South). The two-term alternatives “nomenclature of goods postulate versus monetary postulate” and “pure market economy versus capitalist economy” being independent, a four-piece partition of political economy emerges. The four typical economies obtained can easily be exemplified by the Walrasian economy (North-West), the Ricardian economy (South-West), the monetary pure market economy 1 (North-East), and the Keynesian economy (South-East).
