ABSTRACT
Environmental policy making has experienced some major changes over the last decades. One marked change has been the effort to find alternatives to command and control regulation, a trend which has been captured by the term “governance”. New modes of governance – as contrasted with traditional modes of “governmental” steering – call for non-hierarchical forms of guidance, such as persuasion and negotiation, in which public and private actors are engaged in policy formulation and implementation (Peters 2000; Pierre 2000; Kooiman 2003; Petschow et al. 2006; Benz and Papadopoulos 2006; Bäckstrand et al. 2010; Bevir 2011; Hogl et al. 2012).
