ABSTRACT
Lying is a fact of everyday life. DePaulo, Kashy, Kirkendol, Wyer, and Epstein (1996) report that participants from a diverse community sample disclosed that they lie in one out of five social interactions, and college students reported lying in one out of three interactions (see also DePaulo & Kashy, 1998; Feldman, Forrest, & Happ, 2002). Consumers are often exposed to invalid claims when they are given information about products. Such claims may result from deliberate attempts to mislead (e.g., Dyer & Kuehl, 1978; Mazis & Adkinson, 1976; Schul & Mazursky, 1990) or from more mundane errors that are not the consequence of an intention to deceive (e.g., when a reduced price tag is unintentionally misplaced).
