ABSTRACT
‘The education afforded to the poor must be substantial’, wrote Dr James Phillips Kay (later Sir James Kay-Shuttleworth) in 1832. It should include, he continued, ‘elevating’ knowledge, those parts of the exact sciences connected with occupations, ‘the ascertained truths of political economy’, ‘correct political information’ and the relationship between capital and labour. ‘The misery which the working classes have brought upon themselves by their mistaken notions on this subject’, he concluded, ‘is incalculable, not to mention the injury which has accrued to capitalists and to the trade of this country.’ 1
