This chapter examines the literature relevant to service provision for the needs of victims of terrorism in Northern Ireland and Spain; this will be carried out in a comparative manner. The collective identity of victims of terrorism is an under-researched area in both Spain and Northern Ireland, which focuses on the mobilisation of victims in peace initiatives. The chapter presents the literature on the needs of victims and specifies researcher's use of alternative and related categories. It aims to piece together a holistic image of the needs of victims of terrorism in both the UK and the Spanish contexts. Relatedly, the reciprocal relationship between psychological state and social environment are discussed with reference to Northern Ireland and Spain. The chapter also deals with the issue of justice which includes an outline of different forms and perceptions of justice and their use in each particular context.