ABSTRACT
In this chapter, the three major themes of the book, namely 1) the existence of alternatives to violence, 2) the critical role of culture, and 3) the search for conflict-resolution principles, are discussed in the light of the information provided in previous chapters. Although culture is critical in shaping the way individuals perceive and choose options for handling conflict, some general principles may still be identified. A variety of techniques, both at societal and individual levels, may be applied in order to avoid coercion and violence. By socialization into nonviolent conflict-resolution scripts of behavior, the emergence of violence can be prevented to a great extent. Finally, external conflict between individuals, groups, or nations cannot be seen as separated from their internal, intrapsychic representations. Lasting peace cannot be achieved by help of external control, but only by a change in attitude.
