ABSTRACT
The first paper Naess published on this topic, in 1973, was entitled The Shallow and the Deep, Long-range Ecology Movements. Fairly quickly, however, one was able to distinguish between deep ecology as a body of theory and as a political movement. What is common between the theory and the movement is that both try to articulate some sense of how the self needs to be reformed in order to make environmental sustainability possible, or in order to create a world which is more environmentally responsible. With Naess, the idea is that we should go out into the world and have special kinds of phenomenological experiences in nature. The point of going into nature is to realize that ones self is indistinguishable from nature on an ontological level. As a body of theory picked up in America and later in Australia, the thrust of the need for these phenomenological experiences became wilderness-oriented.
