ABSTRACT
Memory problems are common after cerebral pathology (Kapur, 1988) and may range from mild forgetfulness to severe amnesia (see Scoville & Milner, 1957; Wilson & Wearing, in press). Whatever the diagnosis, certain common characteristics tend to be seen after brain injury. This remains true when there is a pure amnesic syndrome (i.e., only memory is affected), or when there are more general and widespread cognitive problems. First, there is difficulty in learning and remembering new information. Second, immediate memory is usually normal or almost normal. Third, problems arise after a delay or distraction. Fourth, there is frequently a retrograde amnesia (i.e., loss of memory for events prior to the cerebral insult).
