ABSTRACT
The purpose of this chapter is to compare four kinds of psychology—two behavioral and two dialectical—that are based on different world views. The four psychologies are Watsonian behaviorism, Skinnerian behaviorism, Piaget's genetic epistemology, and the Soviet “theory of activity.” The chapter begins with a commentary on the ways a world view influences science in general and psychology in particular. Next, each of the four psychologies is described. For each of the psychologies, three sets of issues are considered: (1) the underlying presuppositions, or world view, (2) the conception of intelligence, and (3) the role of the environment.
