ABSTRACT
Holocene climate variability provides an excellent test ground for climate-system models. It appears that interpretation of palaeoclimatic records in terms of atmospheric or oceanic phenomena only fails to successfully explain the full range of Holocene climate dynamics. Instead, theories which take into account interactions between the atmosphere, the oceans and the biosphere are needed. This review addresses transient simulations of Holocene climate changes with focus on the dynamics at high northern latitudes and Northern Africa.
