ABSTRACT
The symposium on Man the Hunter devoted a great deal of attention to problems of analyzing group structure and subsistence activities. This chapter discusses the allocation of subsistence activities by sex and age, in order to reconsider the issue of division of labor and how it evolved. The development of meat-eating and the establishment of a hunting way of life are regarded as important ecological factors in hominid evolution. The ecological study of the Basin-Plateau tribes by Julian Steward clearly indicates that even within the same cultural group the residential shift pattern may vary a considerable degree according to the variation of habitat. Among modern hunter-gatherers, exclusion of females from the individualistic hunting of larger mammals seems to be closely related to the making and using of hunting weapons, and associated economic and/or religious ideas.
