ABSTRACT
This chapter considers industrialization as an alternative to any population policy. Since India and Pakistan are comparatively poor, the goal that receives most attention is greater real income. Yet each of these nations, just emerged from a struggle for its independence, is imbued with another aim, the attainment of national power. As a population policy, industrialization obviously means something more than merely allowing social evolution to take its course; if this were all that were implied, it would represent no policy at all. It implies rather an attempt to speed industrialization beyond what it would otherwise be and to emphasize in the process those elements of modernization that will most likely depress fertility-such as education, urbanization, geographical and class mobility, multi-family dwellings, commercial recreation, and conspicuous consumption. The main disadvantages of quick industrialization as compared to a direct birth control policy are twofold: first, it is more difficult, and second it is slower.
