ABSTRACT
The topic of this paper reflects Everett C. Hughes' interest in the institutionalization process and, more generally, his cast of mind, which makes taken-for-granted aspects of social life problematic. In thinking about any topic, he ranges widely for data. He made me familiar with a wide variety of information and sources of data and, more importantly, he fostered my taste for such comparative considerations— exemplified in this paper. In conceptualization, he manages to capture significant aspects of a broad phenomenon, yet retains a concreteness which never lets one forget the people and their conduct upon which the abstractions are based. I think this is true for at least some of concepts in this paper. Finally, Hughes has always noted the ways in which aspects of social life are interconnected, in disorder as well as order. Dilemmas, inconsistencies, and paradoxes, consequently, are frequently noted. That perspective, I hope, also enlightens my analysis.
