ABSTRACT
This chapter begins by sketching the developments in philosophy of science which led to a fundamental questioning of its tasks, and addressing the issue of the relationship between philosophy of science and history of science. Ernan McMullin in his taxonomy of the history and philosophy of science labels this view as "external philosophy of science" because its warrant is not drawn from an inspection of the procedures actually followed by scientists. Philosophy of science was concerned only with the invariant characteristics of science and thus the history of science need not be taken into account except as it furnished illustrations of these invariant factors. A new trend in philosophy of science is to take a middle road between the old logical empiricism and the new historical relativism. The chapter reviews the central positions of the relationship of the two disciplines. It concludes with an argument for their essential partnership, drawing on the work of C. S. Peirce and Josiah Royce.
