Party funding in post-communist east-central Europe

A number of major questions arise in the context of studying party funding in contemporary east-central Europe. ¹ One concerns the general issue (common to virtually all democracies) of how to get - or just maintain - a political party on the road as a going concern, when the whole concept of a mass party seems to be passing from the scene and the idea of a membership-funded organization is largely a thing of the past.