ABSTRACT
Over the last forty years, criminology has not witnessed any major theoretical innovations. Numerous theories were available: social disorganization, strain, control, cultural deviance, differential association, social learning, labelling, deterrence, and so on. In addition, these theories were elaborations of ideas of nineteenth-century theorists such as Quetelet, Durkheim, Marx, and Tarde. Over the last four decades, we have witnessed enormous theoretical activities that take the form of theoretical elaboration, integration or modelling. This situation is particularly true of Hirschi's bonding theory; a theory formulated in 1969.
