ABSTRACT
On 18 July 2013, the Grand Chamber of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU, or the Court) delivered judgment in the second round of the Kadi proceedings. The two-level Kadi II litigation follows on the heels of the first Kadi diptych, comprising the decisions of the then Court of First Instance (CFI) in 2005 and of the then European Court of Justice (ECJ) in 2008. This chapter gives an account of this decade-long saga and offers a retrospective analysis of how the standard of judicial review applied by European Union courts has evolved. The Council, the Commission, and the UK appealed the General Courts judgment before the CJEU.1717Joined Cases C-584/10 P, C-593/10 P, and C-595/10 P Commission and Council v. Kadi [2013] ECR I-0000. All EU acts must be amenable to judicial review for compliance with fundamental rights, without prejudice to the primacy of UN Security Councils resolutions.
