ABSTRACT
The notion of risk is a key component of human action. Return and therefore growth are required to compensate for that dimension, hence its omnipresence in the field of finance. However, even if the notion seems straightforward, the reality of it is very complex and the estimation, measurement and management of risks have become key elements in our financial ecosystem. Mis-measurements, biases, model error and a form of complacency relative to risk have played a role in the recent crises. How can we reconsider that crucial notion of risk so that we are better prepared for the uncertain times ahead?
