Incorporating ecosystem service approaches within landscape mosaic management is not, however, straightforward as ecosystem services are mostly positive externalities that bring little direct benefit, and often direct costs, to owners of the land from which ecosystem services are derived. In seeking to overcome such problems a host of valuation and payment schemes have been developed and implemented to pay land owners for the ecosystem services their 1 This chapter is based on ideas published as Ghazoul, J., Garcia, C., Kushalappa, C. G. (2009) Landscape labelling: a concept for next-generation payment for ecosystem service schemes. Forest Ecology and Management 258, 1889-1895.