ABSTRACT
The term “normalization” (Bax, 2003) has been gaining attention from CALL researchers and has aroused considerable discussion among them. According to Bax, normalization is the stage in which the use of technology is truly integrated into teaching practices and the physical existence of technology goes unnoticed.1 For example, a wristwatch, a pen, and shoes are all technologies, yet we hardly even recognize them as technologies because they have become normalized in our everyday practice.2 Bax called normalization the fi nal stage of CALL and this concept has provided a new theoretical perspective on the use of technology in foreign language teaching.
