ABSTRACT
Leydesdorff and Etzkowitz (1998) present an evolutionary explanation of the triple helix. According to their narrative, in Triple Helix I, ‘three spheres are defined institutionally (university, industry, and government)’, whose interaction is mediated by liaison offices, technology licensing offices (TLO) and contract offices for a stable technology development, transfer and spin-off. Universities, industries and governments ‘enter into a reciprocal relationship’ in which ‘each attempts to enhance the performance of the other’ (Etzkowitz 2008, 8).
