What makes people intelligent? This question is often interpreted to mean what makes some people smarter than others? The entire history of research on intelligence uses what I call the smart person paradigm; that is, intelligence is a property of the individual mind. We can trace the logic through the use of language: if a person acts intelligently, then he or she is intelligent, and we might further infer that he or she possesses high intelligence (see Lohman, 2001). The reification, of course, requires evidential support. Research efforts have abounded in the past century to pin down exactly what makes one more intelligent than others. What I briefly mention in the following section are but a few distinct examples.