ABSTRACT
Jimenez and Gertsen (1999) argue that the greatest challenge facing teacher education is teacher learning, or how to help candidates and teachers shi¯ from traditional teaching approaches to culturally relevant pedagogies. What we have learned from three decades of bilingual education teacher preparation may provide a strong base for the preparation of all teachers. As programs focus on recruiting, developing, and retaining teachers for high-need urban and rural areas, they must address the nature of ‹eld service.
