ABSTRACT
This book is about the flow of planning ideas and techniques across national boundaries, and their interaction with practices. Although exhibiting new forms and flows in the present period, such interaction is by no means a new phenomenon. Wherever and whenever elites and activists have been concerned about the qualities of their cities and territories, they have looked about for ideas to help inspire their development programmes. And people have always travelled from place to place, offering suggestions about ways of solving problems or improving conditions in one place based on their experiences in other places.2 It is, therefore, important to consider what is distinctive about such interactions in the planning field at the start of the twenty-first century, and what challenges these present for both the development of planning expertise and the moral and intellectual responsibilities of those involved in such interactions.
