ABSTRACT
Despite these initial inroads, what appears to take place in higher education today generally reflects normative sentiments of the nation-state as a monocultural, equal-opportunity entity for all individuals, whereas group identity discrimination is viewed as an aberration rather than a structural practice. Hierarchical group rankings along the lines of race, gender, and religion, however, “are both worldwide and local, and … have enormous consequences in the lives of people and in the operation of the capitalist world-economy” that result in local nationalized interpretations as to “who would be considered ‘true’ nationals” (Wallerstein, 2004, p. 39). Hence, consistently denied by monocultural nationalists are pervasive racialized “societies in which economic, political, social, and ideological levels are partially structured by the placement of actors in racial categories or races” (Bonilla-Silva, 2005, p. 11).
