ABSTRACT
The Ottoman and Habsburg Empires were both dismantled after World War I, resulting in the formation of new nation-states. Perhaps more importantly, over the course of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, each witnessed a gradual rise of politically and culturally motivated national movements within their borders. As nationalism became a dominant force throughout Europe, the argument that every national group should have its own nation-state slowly reshaped Central (meaning Habsburg) and Southeastern (meaning Ottoman) Europe into a collection of smaller countries within each of which an existing city became a national capital.1
