ABSTRACT
After a comprehensive review of the literature dealing with group development, Wheelan (1994) proposed an integrated group development model. The model identifies five stages of group development. Stage 1, labeled dependency and inclusion, is characterized by “the significant amount of member dependency on the designated leader” (Wheelan & Hochberger, 1996, p. 148). The second stage, titled counterdependency and fight, is defined “by conflict among members and between members and leaders” (Wheelan & Hochberger, 1996, p. 148). Stage 3, trust and structure, is marked by more trusting relationships and “a more mature negotiation process about group goals, organizational structure, procedures, roles, and division of labor” (Wheelan & Hochberger, 1996, p. 150). Next, the group performs the stage called work and productivity where they are able to effectively complete their task(s). The last stage is termination, and it applies only to temporary groups, for it marks their end.
