ABSTRACT
Focused on assessing “how employees verbally express their contradictory opinions and disagreements about organizational phenomena” (Kassing, 1998, p. 183), the Organizational Dissent Scale (ODS) measures the ways in which employees communicate opinions of their organization along different dimensions, to different audiences, and in multiple directions (upward, horizontal, external). Developed by Jeffrey Kassing, the ODS examines the expression of dissent “which entails expressing disagreement or contradictory opinions about organizational practices, policies, and operations (1998, p. 183).
