ABSTRACT
Management's face has changed dramatically over the past three decades. That face is now female almost half of the time. What are the implications of this change for the practice of management? How well do gender stereotypes, which represent stereotypical views of male-female differences in general, apply to the managerial ranks in particular? Do female and male leaders (or managers; we use the terms interchangeably) differ in their basic qualities and overall effectiveness? If there are sex differences in leadership qualities, which sex has more of the qualities that organizations need to thrive?
