ABSTRACT
The American School Counselor Association (ASCA) National Standards, and most school counseling programs, indicate provision of student development in three areas: (a) personal/social, (b) career, and (c) academic. One of the suppositions of this chapter is that the differentiation between these areas of development is somewhat artificial. In other words, if an area of the school counseling program is ostensibly geared to personal/social development, this will also affect students’ career and academic development. The Collaboration for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning (CASEL; https://www.casel.org" xmlns:xlink="https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">https://www.casel.org) provides updated research on the synergy between these areas of student development. For planning, programmatic, and accountability reasons, it can be helpful to differentiate these areas, but from a holistic point of view, student development in these areas is intertwined.
