ABSTRACT
HOW EFFECTIVE are horizontal price-fi xing conspiracies? According to some recent studies, very effective. Producers of asphalt, gymnasium bleachers, rock salt, concrete pipe, and circuit breakers all raised prices through conspiracies.4 One textbook concludes that the average price-fi xing agreement increases price by 10-30 percent.5 Another text asserts that many conspiracies have increased price by 30-60 percent.6
