This chapter examines the role of policymaking in the development of school technology and the policy challenges brought by the rapid development of new technologies. We start this chapter with two questions: First, why do policy makers continue to invest in technology in schools despite the lack of confi rming evidence? Second, why has technology improved productivity and saved costs in sectors outside education, but failed to achieve the same effect in schools? To answer these questions, we fi rst examine the disconnection between policymaking and policy implementation in school technology, followed by a review of technology in the world beyond education in the hope of borrowing effective strategies from successful stories; we then analyze factors that help answer the two questions, examine the new changes and challenges brought by new technologies, and discuss new policies needed to move school technology to a new phase. We conclude the chapter with recommendations for research, practice, and policymaking.