ABSTRACT
This chapter will focus on multilevel issues in work organizations. The aim is (a) to provide a brief review of two influential areas of multilevel organizational research, namely climate and leadership and (b) to broaden the perspective of published multilevel research of organizations by including national culture as an additional level of study. Using guidelines for developing multilevel theories and research in monocultural settings (Chen, Mathieu, & Bliese, 2004; Hofmann & Jones, 2004; Klein & Kozlowski, 2000b; Kozlowski & Klein, 2000), guidelines for multilevel theories and studies incorporating national culture are presented. Cross-cultural examples are discussed where appropriate and available.
