ABSTRACT
Culture can be broadly and briefly operationalized as a set of structures and institutions, values, traditions, and ways of engaging with the social and nonsocial world that are transmitted across generations in a certain time and place (e.g., Shweder & LeVine, 1984). Culture is thus temporally and geographically situated and multilevel. It is situated because it takes place in a certain time and place and is dynamically transmitted over time and across place, changing as time and place change. It is multilevel because its influence can be observed in societal-level constructs such as structures and institutions, group-level constructs such as traditions and ways of engaging in the world, and individual-level constructs such as internalized norms, personally felt values, cognitive procedures, and behaviors.
