ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION As a result of the exponential growth in information and communication technology (ICT), many new forms of educational systems have been experimented with over the years. ICT has made education more aff ordable, fl exible, and eff ective, especially for adult learners. Particularly with the Internet and the Web as technologies commonly available to education since the middle 1990s, higher education institutions have focused on how to make use of the Internet and the Web in their teaching and management. Most of those institutions have integrated the Internet and the Web into their courses and created totally online courses. Some have expanded their services to working adults through online courses or programs.
